A systematic literature review of studies on business process modeling quality

ContextBusiness process modeling is an essential part of understanding and redesigning the activities that a typical enterprise uses to achieve its business goals. The quality of a business process model has a significant impact on the development of any enterprise and IT support for that process.ObjectiveSince the insights on what constitutes modeling quality are constantly evolving, it is unclear whether research on business process modeling quality already covers all major aspects of modeling quality. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the state of the art on business process modeling quality: What aspects of process modeling quality have been addressed until now and which gaps remain to be covered?MethodWe performed a systematic literature review of peer reviewed articles as published between 2000 and August 2013 on business process modeling quality. To analyze the contributions of the papers we use the Formal Concept Analysis technique.ResultsWe found 72 studies addressing quality aspects of business process models. These studies were classified into different dimensions: addressed model quality type, research goal, research method, and type of research result. Our findings suggest that there is no generally accepted framework of model quality types. Most research focuses on empirical and pragmatic quality aspects, specifically with respect to improving the understandability or readability of models. Among the various research methods, experimentation is the most popular one. The results from published research most often take the form of intangible knowledge.ConclusionWe believe there is a lack of an encompassing and generally accepted definition of business process modeling quality. This evidences the need for the development of a broader quality framework capable of dealing with the different aspects of business process modeling quality. Different dimensions of business process quality and of the process of modeling still require further research.     

Project Risk Screening Matrix for River Management and Restoration

The ‘project risk screening matrix’ derives from a broader effort to assist US government agency staff in reviewing proposed stream management and restoration projects more efficiently and effectively. The River Restoration Analysis Tool (RiverRAT) developed through this effort provides a thorough, comprehensive and auditable approach to review and evaluate proposed stream actions and projects ( www.restorationreview.com ). The matrix was initially developed as the first step in applying the RiverRAT, its purpose being to assist reviewers in assessing the risk to natural resources associated with a particular proposal and matching the intensity of their review to the severity of that risk. Hence, the primary application of the matrix to date has been to identify and screen out low risk projects that may be dealt with expeditiously, so freeing the time and technical resources needed to allow deep reviews of higher risk projects. A second form of screening emerged from this primary function because the matrix proved adept at identifying the minimum level of site and project characterization required to support initial risk assessment. On this basis, proposals lacking adequate information can also be screened out, being referred back to the proponent with a request for additional information. More recently, new and novel versions of the matrix, featuring modification and refinement of one or both of the original axes, have emerged to widen and refine its application to linear infrastructure (e.g. pipelines, roads, and electrical transmission lines), in‐stream structures (e.g. large wood placement and culvert removal), and pre‐application, regulatory, decision‐support tools. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

Porphyrin polymers and organic frameworks

The versatility of porphyrins as optoelectronic or catalytic units makes them attractive elements for inclusion in functional materials. Polymers that include porphyrins have been created with a wide variety of structures and used in a wide range of applications. This review covers recent developments in the synthesis, characterization and applications of polymeric materials in which porphyrins are key components of the repeat units, including the rapidly growing area of metal–organic frameworks and related covalent organic frameworks. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Applications of Diglycolamide Based Solvent Extraction Processes in Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing,Part 1: TODGA

Over the last decade there has been much interest in the applications of diglycolamide (DGA) ligands for the extraction of the trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions from PUREX high active raffinates or dissolved spent nuclear fuel. Of the DGAs, the N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) is the best known and most widely studied. A number of new actinide separation processes have been proposed based on extraction with TODGA. This review covers TODGA-based processes and extraction data, specifically focusing on how phase modifiers have been used to increase metal loading and thus enhance the operating process envelopes. Effects of third phase formation and the organic phase speciation are reviewed in this context. Relevant aspects of the extraction chemistry of important solvents (TODGA-modifier-diluent combinations) are described and their performances demonstrated by a consideration of the published flowsheet tests. It is seen that modifiers are successfully enabling the use of TODGA in actinide separation processes but to date the identification and testing of suitable modifiers has been rather empirical. There is a growing understanding of the fundamental chemistry occurring in the organic phase and how that affects extractant speciation and metal loading capacity but studies are still needed if TODGA-based flowsheets are to become an industrially deployable option for minor actinide (MA) recovery processes.     

自愈合橡胶材料研究进展

具有自感知、自诊断、自愈合功能的智能聚合物材料是高分子科学领域的前沿材料之一。介绍了自愈合橡胶材料的自愈合机理,综述了自愈合橡胶材料的分类、特性和发展概况,展望了其应用及发展前景。     

国内功能涂料的研究进展

介绍了国内功能涂料方面的研究进展,包括水性防火阻尼双功能涂料、低发射低反射涂料、电热涂料、长大型隧道用多功能纳米涂料、电磁波屏蔽涂料、智能控温涂料、氧化石墨烯/聚氨酯复合紫外光固化涂料、调湿抗菌涂料、隔热/耐磨透明涂料、太阳热反射涂料、转移涂料、自闭性聚合物水泥防水涂料、低VOC(挥发性有机物)常温固化氟碳涂料、水性硅藻内墙净化功能涂料、多功能净味绿色涂料、带湿带锈涂料、干粉质感涂料、抗碳化涂料、发光涂料、防涂鸦抗粘贴涂料等。     

铅基快堆关键热工水力问题研究综述

铅基快堆是一种极具发展潜力的第4代核能系统，在燃料增殖和嬗变方面具有独特优势，具有良好的非能动安全特性和经济性，且有利于实现小型化，是目前国际核能领域研究的热点。本文总结了国内外主要铅基堆型，指出了小型化是铅基快堆的发展方向，同时也指出了当前铅基快堆发展所面临的主要问题。针对热工水力关键问题的5个方面，即液态铅/铅铋流动换热特性研究、堆芯/组件热工水力分析、铅池内流动换热现象研究、系统热工水力安全分析以及特殊现象的热工水力分析，对国内外研究现状展开了分析，总结了当前研究成果，并分析了研究的发展趋势以及遇到的技术瓶颈。本文可为铅基快堆的设计和热工水力分析提供一定的建议和指导。     

Risks of modular integrated construction: A review and future research directions

Stakeholders remain skeptical in adopting modular integrated construction (MiC) because of the associated risks and uncertainties, although its benefits have been extensively documented. The unique business model of MiC nurtures several risks and uncertainties different from those of the conventional construction approach. Despite the growing attention on MiC with its market expansion, no systematic evaluation is in place to monitor its risks research progress. Accordingly, this research reviewed published literature addressing the risks associated with MiC from 1992 to 2019. Analysis reveals that the research publications on risks of MiC witnessed a steady growth, with considerable progress occurring in the last decade. Result implies that the risk of MiC has gained extra attention in the construction engineering and management domain in recent times. Existing empirical studies have focused heavily on perceived implementation risks, supply chain risks, schedule risks, investment risks, structural risks, ergonomic risks, and MiC risk management strategies, which indicate that MiC is associated with a host of risk events. The research further identified the critical risk events (CREs) in the application of MiC based on frequency of occurrence. The identified CREs contributes to the checklists of risk events in the implementation of offsite construction (OSC). The latter may be useful in risk planning, especially where the MiC is less developed, and fewer or no bespoke risk assessment exists. Research gaps in existing studies are highlighted in this research, and areas for further studies are then proposed. Thus, it makes a useful contribution to the scholarly literature on the risk of OSC and may prove useful to offsite construction researchers, industry practitioners, and project managers.     

建设工程领域新型替代性纠纷解决机制研究

我国建设纠纷诉讼成本高、效率低、周期长且现有的替代性纠纷解决方式普及率低、适用范围小，亟需构建建设工程替代性纠纷解决机制。为此，总结国际工程领域常见的替代性纠纷解决机制，比较不同方式的优点与不足。基于我国一般建设工程项目纠纷的争议焦点分析，结合现有的争议评审小组、争议评审委员会、监理工程师决定、早期中立人评估和争议裁决委员会等国内外纠纷解决机制，提出新型替代性纠纷解决机制——中立人咨询小组，并阐述中立人咨询小组的调解规则和优点。以期为减轻诉讼压力，节约司法资源，快速、高效、经济、公正、和谐地解决建设工程纠纷提供新渠道。     

How home ventilation rates affect health: A literature review

This paper reviews studies of the relationships between ventilation rates (VRs) in homes and occupant health, primarily respiratory health. Five cross‐sectional studies, seven case‐control studies, and eight intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Nearly all studies controlled for a range of potential confounders and most intervention studies included placebo conditions. Just over half of studies reported one or more statistically significant (SS) health benefits of increased VRs. Wheeze was most clearly associated with VR. No health outcomes had SS associations with VRs in the majority of statistical tests. Most studies that reported SS health benefits from increased VRs also had additional health outcomes that did not improve with increased VRs. Overall, the number of SS improvements in health with increased VRs exceeded the anticipated chance improvements by approximately a factor of seven. The magnitude of the improvements in health outcomes with increased VRs ranged from 20% to several‐fold improvements. In summary, the available research indicates a tendency for improvements in respiratory health with increased home VRs; however, health benefits do not occur consistently and other exposure control measures should be used together with ventilation. The research did not enable identification of a threshold VR below which adverse health effects occur.